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Unit 4deserve vt. 值得; 应得; 应受例句：1）(全国卷Ⅰ)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace 乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山, 挤满了成群的游客, 破坏了它宁静的气氛, 它应得这样的声誉吗 2）What deserves to be mentioned most is the theme of the Reading day—Reading Chinese Classics and Inheriting Chinese Culture.最值得提到的就是阅读日的主题——阅读中国经典, 继承中国文化。【拓展】deserve用法(1)表示“很值得”, 用well修饰deserve。(2)后接动名词时, 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义, 相当于接不定式的被动形式。有此类用法的词还有: need, want, require等。相关词组：deserve consideration/attention/praise 值得考虑/注意/赞扬deserve to do sth. 应该做某事deserve doing=deserve to be done 应该/值得被……(1)语法填空①Maria is constantly making efforts; she deserve___________(achieve) the goal of entering the key university. ②All teachers deserve________________ (recognize)for the contributions they make in our classrooms and in our country. ③Your suggestion deserves_________________ .(consider) grant vt. 同意; 准许　n. 拨款【拓展】(1) grant sb. sth. 　　　准予/给予某人某物(2)take sth. for granted 视某事为理所当然take it for granted that 理所当然地认为用所学短语翻译(1)I ________________________ he would help us. 我理所当然认为他会帮助我们的。Nowadays kids always wanted expensive gifts and___________________现在, 孩子们总是想要获得贵重的礼物, 并认为这是理所当然的。(3)He promised to _______ to apply for the post. 他许诺给予我们一个新的申请这个职务的机会disabled adj. 有残疾的; 丧失能力的拓展：1）“the + 形容词”表一类人“the + 形容词”表示性质或特征相同的一类人, 如: the disabled残疾人, the deaf 聋人, the dead 死者, 和the blind 盲人……此时, 谓语动词通常用复数形式。如: The rich are not always happier than the poor. 富人不一定总比穷人幸福。随堂练习：前三个用able的适当形式填空。(1)We didn’t abandon the baby with_________ and decided to bring her up.(2)I strongly advise that a special elevator be provided for the____________ .(3)This kind of disease__________thousands of people every year.(4)The disabled_________ (be) well taken care of by the government.resign vt. &vi. 辞职; 辞去;resignation n. 辞职; 放弃; 辞职书; 顺从resign from 辞职; 辞去; 退出; 从……辞职submit one’s resignation 提出辞职tune n. 曲调; 曲子 vt. 调音; 调节; 调频道out of tune 走调; 不协调; (对某事)没有兴趣in tune 一致; 合调子in tune with (与……)一致; (与……)协调out of tune with (与……)不一致; (与……)不协调contract vt. 感染(疾病); 与……订立合同(或契约)n. 合同; 契约contract with 承包; 与……订有合约under the contract 依据本合同(be) under contract to 已经与……签订合同drag vt. 拖；拽 vt./vi.缓慢而费力地移动My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home.（教材p39）当我们吃力地下山回家时，我的肌肉酸痛，膝盖发抖，①The mother dragged her children in the game.(拖；拽)② She managed to drag herself out of bed.(缓慢费力地移动)固定短语：drag one’s feet 做事拖拉；迟迟不做privilege n.优惠待遇；特权；荣幸1)have the privilege of doing/to do sth. 有……的特权或荣幸it’s a/one’s privilege to do sth. 做……是特权或荣幸(2)privilege vt. 给予……特权, 有特权feel privileged to do sth. 荣幸地做某事①Here I feel greatly privileged to introduce to you my favorite one—the Dragon Boat Festival. 在这里, 我很荣幸地向你介绍我最喜欢的节日——端午节。② I hope to have the privilege of working with them again.(荣幸；荣耀）3）It’s such a privilege to be a part of these kids’ lives.能够成为这些孩子生活中的一部分那也是一种特权。9. shade vt. 给……遮挡(光线); 加灯罩; 把……涂暗；n. 阴凉处; 灯罩; 阴影部分(1)a shade of 少许, 微微 in the shade 在阴凉处(2) shade sb. /sth. from sth. 为……遮挡; 遮住shaded adj.林荫遮蔽的例句：* (2020· 天津高考) Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice. 在维尼说“是的”之前, 总统匆忙接着说下去, 语气里有些许的歉意。*She raised her hand to shade her eyes from the sun. 她抬起手遮在眼睛上方以挡住阳光。*There stand some students in uniform in the shades. 阴凉处站着一些穿着校服的学生。重要短语：not to mention 更不用说; 且不说(1)not to mention. . . =not to speak of. . . =to say nothing of. . . 更不用说……(2)let alone. . . =much less. . . 更不用说……例句：*There is no electricity, running water or even textbooks, not to mention laptops, tablets, or other modern devices. 那儿没有电, 没有自来水, 甚至没有课本, 更别提笔记本电脑、平板电脑或者别的现代化设备。课文重点句子：句式1：The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere. 前几天我正给孩子们展示一个化学实验, 我还不知道什么情况, 这种混合物从试管里冒出泡泡, 溅得到处都是。本句是be doing. . . when. . . 句型。when在句中作并列连词, 意为“这时(突然)”, 相当于and then, and at that time。*He was doing his homework when the fire alarm began ringing.他正在写作业, 这时火警响了。*I was lying awake on my bed when suddenly Sarah came inside and started screaming.我正躺在床上还没睡着, 这时萨拉突然跑进来, 开始大喊大叫。【拓展讲解】突然发生的“when”when作并列连词, 意为“这时(突然)”的句型还有:(1)be about to do/be on the point of doing. . . when. . . 正要做什么的时候(突然)……I was about to leave the room when he came in. 我正要离开房间时(突然)他进来了。(2)had done when 刚做完什么的时候(突然)……I had just walked out of the kitchen when someone knocked at the door. 我刚从厨房出来, (突然)有人敲门。【学以致用】(1)We _______ he suddenly took his jacket and ran away. 我们正聊着呢, 突然他就拿着夹克跑开了。(2)He _______ suddenly he found the answer. 当他正准备放弃这个问题时, 突然找到了答案。(3)He _______ he bumped into a large cow and fell down. 他还没有走多远就撞上了一头奶牛并摔倒了。句式2： Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.后来, 我注意到一个罐子倒置在火上方的烤架上。本句是一个简单句。句中含有一个感官动词的复合结构, standing upside down on the grill over the fire为现在分词短语作宾语补足语; 常用于本结构的感官动词有notice, see, hear, feel, find等。*We were so happy that we didn’t notice the water rising.我们如此高兴以至于没注意到水位在上升。*I looked over my shoulder and saw the lady holding the quilt tightly.我越过肩头看到那个女士正紧紧地抱着棉被。*Suddenly, I found myself facing a difficult situation.突然, 我发现我自己正面临着一个困难的处境。语法Ⅰ.了解感知Look at the following phrases and recognize their types.1. Noun phrase (NP) 名词短语2. Verb phrase (VP) 动词短语3. Adjective phrase(AdjP) 形容词短语4. Adverbial phrase(AdvP) 副词短语5. Prepositional phrase(PreP) 介词短语①clothes shop （ ） ②developed countries （ ）③the first students to get to school （ ） ④the more, the better （ ）⑤from behind （ ） ⑥in favor of （ ）⑦give up （ ） ⑧find a seat to sit on （ ）Ⅱ.深入学习一．名词短语（noun phrase,简称NP）(1)名词短语的定义:名词短语至少是两个词,名词与它的修饰语一起构成名词短语。(2)名词短语中的修饰语:一般来说,名词前面有两种修饰语。其一是限定词,用来限定名词所指的范围,对名词起泛指或特指、定量或不定量等的限定修饰作用。其二是形容词,用来表示名词的性质和特征。比如yellow、big等。 (3)名词短语的功能用法:名词短语可以作主语、宾语或表语。 小试牛刀：Underline the noun phrase in the following sentence, then mark their functions.①These red roses are for you. (　　)②I have three close friends. (　　)③He is my best friend. (　　)④There are some red roses on that small table. (　　 )Tip：英文中的介词不能单独使用,其后必须接宾语,所接的宾语往往是名词短语,也可以是单个的名词。e.g. the bird in the tree 树上的那只鸟the development of China 中国的发展二、动词短语 (verb phrases,简称VP)①在英语中动词短语按其在句子中的功能可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词短语。 ②谓语动词是由时态、人称和数来决定动词形式,是表示动作或状态的,它又可分为:实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词四种。非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 知识回顾：1. 含be等连系动词(be/feel/look…+adj./v-ed+介词)be open to 对......开放 be used to 习惯于……2. 动词+v-ing/to do/普通名词finish doing sth 完成做… want to do sth 想要做… drink wine 喝酒3. 动词+介词stick to 坚持 give up 放弃 come out 出版，暴露，结果是，出现4. 动词+副词put up 举起，张贴 put on 穿上 put down 脱下 put away 放好，收拾好5. 动词+副词+介词Look forward to 盼望，期望 look down upon 轻视，看不起6.动词+宾语+介词spend…on 把(时间、金钱等)花在……上 pay..for 花钱买……pay attention to 重视，注意 make contributions to 为……做贡献devote oneself to 投身于……7.动词+宾语+补语make the school beautiful 使学校美丽find it important to learn English well 发现学好英语重要小试牛刀1．At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave ______ as she was so confident about her skills.2．Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls ______ a clear road map and timetable.3．Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle ________, get married, and have kids.4．Working with the medical team in Africa has brought _______ the best in her as a doctor.5．When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut ______from the world.6. I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry ______ a conversation with her.7. I'm going to take advantage ______ this tour to explore the history of the castle.8. Many businesses started up by college students have taken ______ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.9. Traditional Chinese paintings appeal very much _______ me.10．Body language can give ________ a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.三、形容词短语 (adjective phrases,简称AdjP)定义:形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词与其修饰语构成的短语。1. 两个或多个形容词可以由and、but等并列连词连接,构成形容词短语。 2. 可以由really、very等程度副词作修饰语,与形容词构成形容词短语。 3. 形容词短语也可以由“形容词+介词短语”构成。4. 形容词短语常作三种成分,即表语、定语、宾补,有时也作状语。指出下列画线形容词短语所充当的成分。①Anxious for a quick decision, our leader called for a vote. (　 　) ②She looks beautiful and smart. (　 　) ③You have a small but beautiful room. ( 　　) ④We must make our country strong enough.（ ）四、 副词短语 (adverbial phrases,简称AdvP)定义:副词短语是指由几个副词或副词与其修饰语构成的短语。①两个或多个副词可以由and、but等并列连词连接,构成副词短语。 ②very、extremely等程度副词作修饰语,可与其他副词构成副词短语。 ③副词短语在句中当作副词用,可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。①I was so moved by his deeds that I couldn’t fall asleep into the night (deep). ②—What do you think she is doing right now —She is (probable) doing nothing good. —You expressed my thoughts (exact). ③ Equally (important), we should develop a good habit of living.五、介词短语 (prepositional phrases,简称PreP)定义:介词不能单独作成分,它必须和其后的宾语即名词、代词、动词-ing形式、从句等一起构成介词短语,才能作相关的句子成分。e.g.The man in the room is Li Ming’s uncle.His face was without expression.He didn’t feel at ease.I saw George at work.介词短语作状语时最多,它在句可以中作 、 和 。

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